Loom for weaving knotted counterpanes and other fabrics in which the



' Looivr FCR WEAVING KNCTTED CoUNTERraivns Anp OTHER FABRICS 1N WHICH.THE

. means of the bevel gears p, p, Figs. 2, 4, tok

UNITED STATES 1rarerrr'orrion. fA

E. B. BIGELOW, OF WEST BYLSTON. MASSACHUSETTS.

kwoor1 1s RAIsED RRCMTHE SURFACE.

'speci'cation of Letters raam; No. Y54e, dateatranuary e, i838.

To aZZ whom t may Camera."

Be it known that 1,*ERAsTUs BRICHAM BIGELOW, of West Boylston, county ofWorcester, and State of Massachusetts, have invented, made, and appliedto use new and.

useful Improvements of Machinery for the Purpose of Weaving KnottedCounterpanes and lSuch other F igured Fabrics Where th-e Woof is Raisedfrom the Surface as may be manufactured by the said machinery.

The said improvement, the `principles thereof, and mode of using thesame, I have fully described in the following words and annexeddrawings, which, combined together, form my specication. l

The loom properly consists of two parts or divisions First, that whichweaves the cloth or forms the fabric. Second, that by which the figuresare wrought. The first part or division of the loom is described asfollows. The frame consists of four upright posts a a a a Figures 1, 2,3 and 4 5, 7, 9,

v10, Z) Z) b ZJ Figs. 2 and 4, 5, 10 are cross rails which connect thelposts together. c c 0 Figs. 1 and 3, 5, 9, 10 are cross horizontal railsfor the same purpose of connecting the ends ofthe framework, e Figs. 2,4, 5 is a platformv for the weaver to standupon. (Z Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5represents the beam or roller on which the yarn is wound before weaving.e, e, Figs. 2, 3, 4, are weights suspended by friction straps passingover the headsl of theJ beam CZ, to keep the warp at a proper degree oftension, and allow it to unwind as .fast as it is lled by the woof, whenbeaten up by the lay. f Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 is a roller,'over which theyarn passes to change its direction; g Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 is the breastbeam, over which the cloth passes; h. Figs. 1, 2, 4,5 is the clothrollerfor r-eceiving what has been complete-d, Figs. 1, 2 is a ratchetwheel and pinion. t' Figs. 2, 4, is a lever for communicating motionfrom the lay to the cloth roller, k Fig. 1 are catches to secure theroller, while the lever z' is acted. upon by the lay; Z, Z Figs. 1, 2,4, are treadles which are acted upon by the weavers feet. m, m, Figs. 1,2, 4 represent straps which communicate motion from the treadles Z, Z,tothe shafts 0, o, Figs. 1, 2, 4, which shafts continue the motion, Vby

i the rollers g, g, Figsf2, 4; r, r, Figs. 1, 2, 4,

5., are strapsV for connecting the rollers g,fg,

lwith the heddles which raise andk depress the `warp,toreceive theshuttle. t, t Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, are straps by `which the heddlesy are,suspended fromthe roller s, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 114, 5, vsupportedby vthestands a, a, Figs. 1, 2,

3, 4. The roller s turns on its axis in opposite directions, as theheddles are raised or depressed. Y

which the lay vibrates. n yparts of the lay, called swords, appear at w,w Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7. w Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5 isa cross rail between theswords. y, Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, represents the race beam, vuponwhichrthe shuttles slide, and to which the lower edge of the reed isattached. e Figs. 1, 3, 4,' 5,7, is the top shell of the lay whichreceives the upper edge of the reed.-

p p Figs. 4, are rods bent as represented 1n the drawing with theirextremities made fast to thepost a Figs. 2, 4, and the crossv rail bFigs. 2,4, g, g Figs. 2, 4, are stands screwed to the race beam, playingonthe rods p p', Figs. 2,4. r', r, Figs. 2, 4, repre@ sent springsencircled on the rods p p,

F igs.` 2, One extremity of each spring abutsagainst the p-in insertedin the rods p', p', Figs. 2, 4; the other extremity presses against thestands g, g, Figs. 2, 4. The

object of thesprings is to counteract kthe weight of the lay, and renderit more easily mov-ed by the weaver. s, s Figs. 2, 4, 5, arer studsextending lfrom ythe breast beam g Figs. 1, 2, v5, 6, 7, to. prevent thelay passing' beyond-a given point, when it is brought ,forward to beatup the woof. The double shuttle boxes are visible at a, Figs. 1,3, 4, 6.Z1, b Figs. 1, 3, 6, are the pecker rods or spindles made fast in thestands c', c Figs.

1, 3, on which the peckers or drivers de d. e, e', e Figs. 1, 3, are

Figs. 1, 3, slide, pecker strings which connect the drivers d cZ, Figs,1, 3, with the handle f, Figs. 1, 3. The drivers are drawn forwardalternately by the weaver grasping the handle f thel force of whichmotion lodges the shuttle iny the box at the end of the lay opposite tothe driverV that is drawn forward. y Figs. l

1, 3, 4, are pulleyswith springs encircled on their axes.

e Figs. l, 3,4 is the axison The supporting The object of the springsand pulleys to take back the peclters, afterthey have been drawn forwardby the weaver. s a Figs. 1,3, are strings which connect the peckers withthe pulleys m', y,

Figs i, a, 4. Y

1, 3, being described as follows. g g Figs.

1, 2, 3, 4, are Vs upon which Vthe shuttle boxes slide withV ahorizontal reciprocating motion; k Zz Figs. 2, 4 are screws to regulatethe degree of motion of the shuttle boxes; z" z" Figs. 1, 3 representarms extending from the shaft Figs. 1, 3 with their lower extremitiesvpassing Vthrough mort-ises made inpieces of iron Z Z Figs.A 3, 4'screwed to the bottom of the shuttle boxes. c, k Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 arestands which support the shaft y" Figs.' 1, 3. o Figs. 1, 2, 3,

4 represents the handle which the weaver grasps, and by giving to it anoscillating motion shifts the boxes.

7e now come to thesecond part or division of the loom, whichaccomplishes its object by three principal operations. 1st. that whichregulates the variat-ions in the pattern or figure, adjusts the springand stop bar raises the hook, or dent, and prepares the woof to be actedon by them. 2d. that which sinks the hooks toV form the knots whichcompose the iigure. 3d. that which releases the hooks from the knots,and allows them and other parts of the machinery to A return to theirformer positions.

The first operation is described as follows afFigs. 1, 2, 3, is a pulleyrevolving on the iirst shaft b Figs. 1, 2, 3, receiving motion from themill work by the belt c Figs. 1, 2, 3, and giving motion to themachinery to produce the first operation, when the clutch d Figs. 1, 3,connects it with the shaft t Figs. 1, 2, 3. The clutch CZ Figs. 1, 3,byits reciprocating motion through the chuck f Figs. 1, 3, which is madefast to the shaft b, Figs. 1, 2, 3, connects and disunites the shaft b,Figs. 1, 2, 3, with the pulley a Figs. 1, 2,73. Motion is given to theclutch eZ Figs. 1, 3, to form this connection, by the shifting rod gFigs. 1, 4, which the weaver grasps at the ball h Figs. 1, 4, and slidesin the stands f 2' Figs. 1, 2, 4, toward the right. This gives motion toa lever, Vwhose long arm' j Figs. 1, 2, 3, is connected with the rod gFigs. 1, 4, by means of a mortise through which it passes.

The shaft 7c Figs. 1, 2, 3, turning on bearings in stand, Z Z Figs. 1,2, 3, is the fulcrum of the lever. m Figs. 1, 2, 3, is the short armwhich by pressing against 4,the spring n Figs. 1, 2, 3, overcomes itselastic force. The upper part of the spring is made fast to the crossrail 0 Figs. 1, 3,.

d', Figs.

lshaft t Figs. 1, 3, on its axis.

y while its lower extremity plays a groove in the clutch CZ Figs. 1, 3.p Figs. 1, 3,

is a spring attached to the spring n Figs. 1, 2, 3, and locks or catcheson the stand g Figs; 1, 3, when the clutch d Figs. 1,3, is brought incontact with the studs extending from the pulley as .Figs 1, 2, 3, andthus secures the connection between the pnilley a Figs. 1, 2, 3, andtheshaft CZ Figs. 1, 3. '7" Figs. 1, 3, represents a cogged wheel whichtakesy into the cogged wheel 8' Figs. 1, 2, 3, and revolves the gAttached to the shaft t Figs. 1, 3, are three wipers or cams, from whichthe three principal motions of the first operation arederived.

lThe iirst motion has foriits object, to regulate the variations made inthe pattern or figure, which is effected in the following `manner--v Thearm fw Figs. 2 3 receives an oscilb 7 7 latlng motion from the wiper fvF lgs. 1, 3,

,and turns Athe shaft fw Figs. 2, 4, on its axis.

m wFigs. 2, 4, 5, are arms extending from theshaft w Figs. 2, 4, 5,which oscillate as the shaft w Figs. 2, 4, 5, turns on its axisalternately in diferent directions. y y Figs. 2, 4, 5, are connect-`ingbars which communicate the oscillating motionfrom the arms a0 wFigs. 2, 4, 5, to the' prism frame z Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5. a3 Figs. 2, 4, isthe axis on which the prism frame vibrates-t Figs. 3, 4, represents aspring, attached at one end to the bar y Figs. 2, 4, 5, and at the otherextremity to the cross rail c Figs. 5, 3, .9, 10. The object of thisspring is to take back the prism frame, after it has been drawn forwardby the cam e Figs. 1, 3. b?, Figs. 2, 3, represents za four sided prism,having as many holes bored in each side, as there are knots to be raisedin any thread of the woof, and to correspond in number with the hooks ordents which act on the filling. It also has projecting points -or teethu', u', u, Fig. 3, the object of which is to enter holes made `in thepattern card, so as to bring the re-Y 4maining holes inthe pattern carddirectly over the holes in the prism. c3 Figs. 4, 11, is a double pawl,shaped as seen in Fig. 11 zand vibrates on a pin which connects it :to astand on the framework of the machine. The prism is made to turn one:quarter revolution at each oscillation, by means of the upper hookofthe double pawl ,c3 Figs. 4, 11, retaining one corner, while the otherpart is carried out.

v Vhen the figure to be woven is half completed, it is necessary toreverse the motion of the prism, to turn back the pattern card. .This iseffected by attaching a spring to the projecting arm of the double pawlc3 Figs. 4, 11 which brings the lower hook of the double pawl c Figs. 4,11, to'act on the prism., The hooks of the double pawl 03` Figs. 4, 1l,turn the prism, by acting on the' friction rollers of a wheel d3 Figs.3, 4, on the extremity of its aXis. This wheel may be constructed of twoparallel plates, having four holes drilled in each opposite to eachother, and corresponding in position with the corners ofthe prism, toserve as bearings for four small cylinders or friction rollers whichserve the same purpose as the teeth of a ratchet wheel.

e3 Figs. 3, 4, is a piece of iron or other metal shaped in the form of aT and moving in proper supports attached to the prism frame. f3 Figs. 3,4, is a spiral spring encircled on the upright part of the T e3 Figs. 3,4, and forces it against the friction rollers in the wheel Z3 Figs. 3,4, to prevent the prism from turning except by the action of the hooksof the double pawl 03 Figs. 4, 11. g3, g3, g3, Figs. 2. 4. 5, representas many horizontal wires as there are holes bored in each side of theprism. They are so arranged as to slide in holes drilled in the platesof iron h3 Figs. 2, 4, 5, 3 Figs. 8, 5, js Figs. 2, 4, 5, screwed to thecross rails 7c3, Z3, Fig. 5.

Between the plates of iron screwed to the cross rail k3 Fig. 5, a spiralspring m3 Fig. 5, is encircled around each horizontal wire g3, g3, g3,Figs. 2, 4, 5, and attached thereto at one end by a pin inserted in thehorizontal wire g3 Figs. 2 4, 5. This pin also serves the purpose of ashoulder to prevent the return of the horizontal wire beyond a properdistance.

The opposite end of the spring m3 Fig. 5 abuts against the plate of ironjs Fig. 5. This spring yields to any gentle pressure on the end of thehorizontal wire g3 Figs. 2, 4, 5, projecting beyond the cross rail Z3Fig. 5 and returns to its place again when that pressure is removed. Inthe end of each horizontal wire projecting beyond the cross rail 7c3Fig. 5, is an eye, through which a wire r1.3 Figs. 4, 5, passes, hookedat one end, and arranged vertically over the lifting bar s3 Fig. 5. Thewire n3 Figs. 4, 5, is more particularly described hereafter.

The ends of the horizontal wires projecting beyond the cross rail Z3Fig. 5, are so arranged as to enter the holes of the p-rism, as itswings toward them. If this was the whole of the apparatus, it isevident that the prism b3 Figs. 2, 3, could produce no effect on thehorizontal wires g3, g3, Figs. 2, 4, 5, for the ends of them, beingreceived vat each swing of the prism into the corresponding holes of theprism, all pressure on the same would be avoided. If we cover each faceof the prism as it is brought successively against the ends of thehorizontal wires, with a piece of pasteboard 03 Fig. 2 called a patterncard, pierced with holes corresponding to those of the prism,

and opposite to certain of the horizontal.

wires, which it may be necessary to have remain at rest, Vit is evidentthat all the Vother horizontal wires will be pushed forward, thuswithdrawing the hooked vwires n3 Fig. 5, n3 Figs. 4, 5, with which theyare connected, from the action of the lifting bar, which when raised,will carry up with it only those hook wires n3 a3 Figs. 4, 5, which havenot been pushed back, or in other words, those the horizontal Wires ofwhich were opposite to the holes in the pattern card 03 Fig. 2. Thus anyvariation may be made in the figure or pattern, by a correspondingvariation in the pattern card. The object of the neXt motion is to raisethe hooks and prepare the woof to be acted on by them. This isaccomplished as follows; an oscillating motion is given to the arm p3,Figs. l, 2, 3 by the wiper or cam g3 Figs. 1, 3. This turns the shaft r3Figsfl, 2, 3, 4, 5 on its aXis, and raises the lifting bar s3 Fig. 5,which is connected to the shaft r3 Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, by the arms t3,and the bars a3 co3.

When the lifting bar s3 Fig. 5 is raised, it carries with it the hookedwires n3, n3, Figs. 4, 5, which were not pushed vforward by thehorizontal wires, as before described. The hooked wires n3 n3 Figs. 4,5, are connected'. by a joint with the levers 03, o3, Fig. 5, and

raise those ends of them towliich they are wires which are attached at4their lower ends by a hinge joint to the levers 123, 03,

Fig. 5, and at their upper ends to the hooks or dents z3, z3, Figs. 5,6, 7, 8. They communicate motion from the levers 55,013, Fig.

5, to the dents or hooks 23, z3, Figs. 5, 6, 7, Y

8. The hooks a3, z3, Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, compose every fourth dent of thereed, and are'made to slide in the bands of the reed with a verticalreciprocating motion. The movable hooks z3, z3, Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, aremore particularly shown in Fig. 8 and are shaped and formed as thereinseen. On each side of the hook is a piece of copper or other metal a4,Fig. 8, beveled at the top, its object being to separate the threads ofthe warp, when the hooks are raised, so as to prevent any accident whichmight occur by the points of the hooks catching the threads of the warp,while going down.

The reedis similar in construction to those in common use in otherlooms, with the eX- ception, that neXt to every third ydent is placedone of the movable dents which act on the woof or filling. The number ofmovable dents, and of course theV number `ofV fast dents between them,are regulatedby fthe kind V'of fabric to be manufactured; thus insteadof three fast and` armovable dent, as above mentioned, there may be four`or more at pleasure, and a movable dent neXtin order as seen in'Fig. 6where b4, b4 b4, Fig. 6, represent the fast, and z3, Figs. 6, 8, themovable dents. The construction of thereed or that part of itwhichrelates to securing the dents, differs somewhat fromthe modeusually'adopted inreedsin common use. There are two strips or bandslofiron atthe upper and lower edge of the reed, between 'which the ends ofthe dents are inserted. A notch -is formed on the under and upper edgeof each band on either side of each movable dent. The dents are thensecured in the bands by means ofv a wire properly wound betweenthemaround the bands, Which, v'being received into thenotches, prevents themovable dents from `becoming misplaced-by zthe operation ofthe loom orotherwise. i The fast dents arel soldered or `.otherwise fastenedtogether atthe top, to preventthem dropping out, in case they arenotmade securev by` the wire wound `between them.

'An arm ot similar tothe arm t3, Fig.. 5, eX- Atends from the shaft r3,Figs. 1, 2,3, 4, 5, (beingvhid in the drawing by the `arm t3, Fig.Attached to the arm c4 is a strap d4, `Fig.5,.which when the .shaft r3,Figs. l, 2, 3, 14, 5, turns on its aXis, communicates motion to .thepulley et, Figs.g2, 5. f4, Fig. 5, `represents a spring which locks orcatches into a notch made in the circumference of the pulley eFigs. 2,5, when it has completed that partof a revolution it is causedwto makeby the strap d4, Fig. 5, and prevents it `from turning, when the strapZ4,`-Fig. 5, is slackened, as-theshaft r3, Figs. l, 2, 3, 4, 5, turns,to depress thelifting barss, Fig. 5.

cgt, Fig. 5, is a strap which `communicates .motion from the pulle e4,Figs.'2, 5, to the shaft 71.4, Figs.4 l, 5, w,-Figs.1l, 5,-is asmallpulleyon the axis-of the lay, toguidethe strap g4, Fig.I 5, so thatduring the-vibrations of the lay, itshall preserve an uniform tension.Attached to the shaft 71.4,: Figs. l, 5, 7, are three wipers or cams Z4,Z4, Z4, Figs.Y 2, 5, 7, Awhich impart an upward motion to'three verticalrods jt, jt, jt, F igs.` 5, 7, placed over them. Attached to Athe topofthe rods is a piece of metal la, Figs. 5=, 6, 7 ,called the racepiece, which is raised by the rods jt, jt, Figs. 5, 7,\to touch thelower shedA of the warp, while the movable ldents or hooks' are actingon vthe filling. Grooves Z4, Z4, Fig. 5, are made in that edge of therace piece` presented to the reed, corresponding in number and ositionwith the movable dents, the hooke parts ofwhich passfthrough the groovesas the dents move up and down in `the-bands ofthe reeds.

The race piece 7a4, Figs. 5, 6, 7, supports the Vwoof as itis acted onby the hooks and thus makes .the knots of a` uniform length. mi,

1 Figs; 1,1.2,5, :is aistrap-which yreceivesl moported by4 thestands224,294, Figs. 6, 7.` To

this shaft. Eareattached` the pieces of metal 134,; Q4,Figs. 2, 5, 6, 7,shaped and formed as seen in Figs. 6 and 7. Attached to theirVuppersurface are upright pieces r4, "r4, Figs. 2, 5, 6, 7, to serve .assupports and guides for vthe w1ress4, 84,1F1gs92, 5, 6, 7. `The Wlres's4-'s4 slide finxholesinnthe top of 'thepieces r4, rFigs. 2,A 5,' 6, 7.""t, t4, Figs. 2, 5, `6, 7, are arms affixed by` a screw tothe wiresst,84, Figs..2, 5, 6, 7, and'slideinsl'ots rmade in the .piecesrof metalgt,Q4, Figs.f 6, 7. ut, Figs.' 2,

5, 6, 7, is aspir'al sprlngwhich encircles the Ywirebetweenfthe arm'zf,F igs.12, 5, 6, 7, and vthe upright piece'rt, Figs. 2, 5, 6, 7. .6,is aleverwhose fulcrum is at wtrF igs. 6, 7, having one arm jointed att,Figs. 6, 7, to the piece "g4, Figs. 6,7.

'114, Fig.

The jointe/f1,j Figs. 6, 7, is so constructed that the piece g4, Figs.6, 7, cannot fall be- -low a horizontal line; e, Figs. 6, 7, `-is aprojectionfrom the shaftoz, Figs; 2, 5, 6, 7, and

a5, Figs. 6', 7 ,is Yanotherfrom the race beam y, Figs.- l, 3, 4, 5, 6,7. "b5, Fig. 6,\is a spiral` spring 4with -onewend 'attached `to f thelever fvl", Fig. 6, andthe otherto thebreast beam. 405,*Fig6, isaifspiral springencircled around the shaft n4, Figs..` 2', 5^, 6', 7,having one'end attached to the shaft;andtheiaother torfthel breastbeam.

The object of this apparatus isto push the lfllling' under the hookstowbe acted on by -them to form the knots; this vis effected'as"followsr-T'he'strap-mti Figs. 1, 2, 5 brings downtheapparatus toai-level-with the top Vof the race beam,1thereby causing the-points ofthewire, S4, S4, Figs. 2, 5,- 6, 7fto\pass down behind thewoof. At vthesame time the shaft i12-'Figs V2, 5,-6, 7 `turningVallows the short armY* Figs. 6, 7 of the lever V4 Fig. 6 to" fall to a horizontal position.The lay coming-'forward until it meets 'the stops d8, Z8 projectingfromlthe underside of the-piecesof metal g, gt "Figs, 2, 5, 6, 7 causestheprojectionlA5 Fig. 6, 7 to strike Aagainst 'the side `of the larma/4,F igs.' 6, 7 which pushesthe other `arm of the lever and the wire, s4 stFigs. 2, 5, 6, 7' forward toward 'the reed, carrying =thelilling alongAwith itl under the hooks.

The third motion adj uststhe stop bar and the springs which support andprevent the levers from falling by their gravity, when fthe lifting barVby which they are raised,

returns toi-ts place. The arm eSTFigs. l, 2, 3 receives motion" from thewiper or cam d5 Figs. l, 2, and turns the shaft e5 Figs. 2, 5, 9, 4f g5,g Figs. 2, 4, 5 are connecting bars, jointed at one end ofeach to thearm` f5, f5,

Fig. 5 and at the other lend to the lever 71,5, 7t5 j Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4,5. Z5, Z5 Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5.are upright rods which slide wit-h a verticalreciprocating motion in suitable stands, and 'serveto support the stopbar l7'5 Figs. 4, 5. This stop bar j5 Figs. 4, 5 receives the ends ofthe levers as they are forced down bythe cylinders, and regulates thedegree of motion thus given t-o the hooks `or dents z3, z3, Figs. 5, 6,7, 8. 'Y

765, 705 Fig. 5 represent springs arranged vertically vbefore the leversv3 Fig. 5 and made fast at the bottom to the stop bar j5.

The ends of the levers 113, 'v3 Fig.r 5 rest upon the ends of thesprings, and are supported by t-hem. r1`he springs yield to any upwardpressure made on the opposite ends of the levers v5, Fig. 5 and allowthem to sink down to the stop bar. 7V hen the levers strike the top b-ar.7'5 Figs. 4, 5, the shoulders of the springs lock or catch on vthevends of them, and prevent them from being raised by the resistance ofthe woof, as it is acted on by the movable hooks or dents z3 Figs. 5, 6,7, 8. As the hooks are forced down by the motion of the levers, they acton the woof, and force it into their corresponding grooves in the racepiece, thus making the knots, which compose the pattern or figure.

The cams or wipers on the shaft 2511, Figs- 1, 3` are so shaped as togive the three principal motions of they first operation rela-- tivelyasl follows; The prism is first brought forward to pushk back the hookedwires;

then the lifting bar, the springs and stop y bar rise up simultaneouslyand immediately as the lifting bar arrives at its destination, itreturns again to the place from whence it started. When the lifting barhas descended, the prism returns to its former position.

The rst operation being completed. the stud e Figs. 1, 3 projecting fromthe cog wheel S11 Figs. 1, 2, 3 unlatches the spring 2011 Figs. 1, 3,thereby releasing the spring n, Figs. 1, 2, 3l which by its elasticforce withdraws the clutch Z11 Figs. 1, 3 fro-1n the studs extendingfrom the pulley all and thus destroys the connection between the pulleyall Figs. 1, 2, 3, and the shaft 511 Figs. 1, 2, 3. After thisconnection is destroyed the stud a7 Fig. 3 projecting from the cam orwiper @u Figs. 1, 3 strikes against a shoulder projecting from theupright bar 797 Figs. 1, 2, 3 and prevents the cams from passing beyonda given point by their momentum.

As it is evidentthat so much of the woof must draw in from the shuttleas is required to form the knots, it is necessary, in order to preventthe movable dents from cutting it '0H by their downward motion, thateach should act on the woof successively; that is one after the other.

The second. operation of the machinery aey complishes the above object,and may be understood as follows -Z5 Figs.4 1, 3, 4 is a pulley whichrevolves on the shaft m5 Figs.

1, 3, 4, 9 receiving its" motion from the mill work Y a5 Figs. 1, 3 is aclutch which slides with a horizontal reciprocating motion, and connectsand disunites the pulley Z5 Figs. 1, 3, 4 with the shaft m5 Figs. 1, 3,4. Motion is given to the clutch a5 Figs. 1, 3 to form this connection,by inea-ns of the shifting rod 05, Fig. 1 which the weaver grasps at theball p5 Figs. 1, 3 and slides towardv the right. This moves a lever whenlong arm g5 is connected with the rod 05 Fig. 1 by means of a mortise,through which it passes. The shaft T5 Figs. 1, 3, 4 is the fulcrum. 85Figs. 1, 3, 4 is the short arm which presses against the spring a5 Figs.1, 4, 10, and overcomes its elastic force. Thev spring u5 Figs., 1, 4,10 is made fast to the post of the frame, with the other extremityplaying in a groove in the clutch a5 Figs. 1, 3. o5 Fig. 10 represents alever which extends across the loom with its fulcrum 105 Fig. 10 in thecenter. Fig. 10 attached to the frame. m5 Fig. 10 is a spiral springwhich exerts an upward force on that arm of the lever to which it isattached.

When the` spring a5 Figs. 4, 10 is acted on by the short arm 35 Figs, 1,3, 4, to bring the clutch a5 Figs. 1, 3 in contact with the pulley Z5Figs. 1, 3, 4, the lever o5 Fig. 10 is drawn upward, and abutsagainstpthe stud .e5 Fig. 10, extending from the side of the spring M5,Fig. 10 and thus secures the connection between the pulley Z5 Figs. 1,3, 4 and the shaft m75 Figs. 1, 3, 4.

af Figs 1, 3, 4, Z9, Figs. 3, 5 06, Figs. 2, V4 represent cylinderswhich are arranged hori- Zontally across the loom in the frame Z5 Figs.2, 4, 9, resting on the cross rails Z) b Figs. 2, 4, 5, 10. e5, e5, e5Figs. 2, 5, 9 are stands which support the ends of the axes of thecylinders. f5 f6 Fig. 3 represent teeth or spurs which areinserted insuitable positions relative to each other in the surface of eachcylinder.

When the cylinder, a5, Figs. 3, 4, 9 revolves on its axis, the firsttooth or stud in the cylinder a, Figs. 3, 4, 9, strikes the first oroutside of the series of levers es, o3, Fig. 5 and forces the reverseend down to the stop bar. The tooth inserted next in order to the irststrikes the second lever at another instant of time, and so on, untileach tooth has acted on its corresponding lever, and forced each movabledent connected with it successively into its corresponding groove in therace piece, and formed the knots.

YFor all the purposes of the loom, one' cylinder only would benecessary, provided we couldmakey use of one of, a suitable size. Itwillv be seen as each tooth on the surface the next succeeding tooth,and as their ilon- The cylinder 06, Figs. 2, 3, operates on the of thecylinder must be at a certain distance both horizontally andlongitudinally from gitudinal distance apart from their center l must beequal to the distance between the center of their corresponding levers,and as f each tooth is obliged to move through ,a certain `arc of acircle, to give a suitable lde- Y' gree of motion to thelever on whichit acts, before the next succeeding tooth begins )tol act on the nextsucceeding lever, that where a great number of levers are employed, thecylinder must be very large; therefore wel make use of three or moreaccording to their size, or the width of the loom.

The first of .these cylinders on completing its revolution is succeededby the .revolution of the second, which last as soon as comj pleted, vissucceeded ,by the revolution of the third cylinder. Fach cylinder mustVperform an entire revolution Abefore `the .other commences, in orderthat the action of the f teeth of the second cylinder shall not talreAplace until that of the rst is fully rconi-f. pleted.

On the end of the axis of the first cylinder is fixed a dog or piece ofmetal'with a pro-J jection from vits end or a pin inserted andiprojecting therefrom. To the end of fthe, axis vof the second cylinder,which lays di, rectly against the .end of the axis of :the `i'irst, isatlixed a circular plate having ,a projecting rim. In this rim is formeda slot or 'j opening ofsuch a size as toallow .the `end .of a click thereverse end `of which vibrates only the axis, to 4move `thrcaigh asector of a circle, .which in .reversing the -motion of the oylinderwould be lost by the dog and click, if the 1, dog struck as the.cylinder a6, Figs. 3, 4, 9 revolve in either direct-ion aga-inst a ,xedstud or projection from the plate.

Itwill be seen by the construction of the j dog `and click, `that whenthe motion of the :i cylinder -is reversed, the click is in a certain i"position against one end of the slot, and that Awhen the cylinder as,Figs. 3, 4, .9 move in an opposite direction, the dog comes around andstrikes against the opposite side vof the click, .which moves forwardvto #the opposite end of the slot and allows `the centerof fthe dog -tocomplete an entire circumference of a. circle before it moves rthecylinder be, Figs. 3 and V5. L

-lBetween the second and third cylinders? are also another dog andplate, -simi-lar .to the one above described. The 'first cylinder oncompleting its revolution communicates motion to the cylinder he, Figs.3, v5, which: after acting on all 'the levers ycorresponding with -itsteeth, in .a similar manner :to the first cylinder, or in other words,when vit has completed one entire revolution, communicates motion to thecylinder c, Figs. v2, 3.f

llevers similarly yito the 4aforesaid cylinders, i

VF ig. l0, depresses the `reverse arm, and releases the spring a5, Fig.10, which .by its elastic force withdraws the clutch 71,5, Figs.

Al, 3, from the stud, extending from the pulley Z5, Figs. l, 3, 4, anddestroys the .connection between the pulley Z5 and the `shaft m5, Figs.l, 8, 4, 9, 7d, Fig. 3, is a catch which receives a shoulder .of thestop m6 2, and prevents the cylinders from turn- .ing beyond a givenpoint by their momentum, after the connection is cut .off between thepulley Z5, Figs. l, 3, 4,y and the tshaft m5, Figs. 1, 3, 4 f Z, Figs.l, 3,'is a vertical lever `where inlcrum is connected with theframework, and its lower end with the said catch Je, Figs. 2, 3. Theobj-ect of ythe lever ZG, Figs. 2, 3,lis to withdraw the catch 7c, Fig.2, from the shoulder of the stop me, Fig. 2 Tin order to allow therevolution of the cylinder, when .it is again employed uto act on thelevers. The `lever Z6, Figs. 2, 3, is put in motion by inea-ns of a studattached to the connecting bar `1/11, Figs. 2, 4, .5.

me, Fig. 2, Vis la spring, attached to the catch 706, Figs. 2, J3, ,toprevent 'the catch 706, Fig. 2 from returning under the Vshoulder of thestop .m6, Fig. 2, when the .stud from `the connecting bar y, Figs. 2. 4,5, is withdrawn lfrom the lever l, Figs 2, 3. 06, Fig. 2, is a catchywhich vlocks Lunder another shoulder of the stop m, Fig. 2, .andprevents ,the cylf inder c6, Figs. 2, 3, from rebounding, when theshoulder of the lstop me, Fig. 2, strikes against the catch .706, Figs.2, 3, .as `above de,-

scribed. p6 p6, Fig. 2, Yare springs having one extremity of eachattached to the stand g?, Fig. 2, and the other 4end 4.of zeach.connected with the catchesks. o, Figs. 2, 3, 7,

to bring them .under the-.shoulder .of `the stop .m6, Fig. 2. The,cylinder c, Figs. 3, 4, 9, is prevented from rebounding by ymeans fofastud r6, Fig. 4, projecting from -ifts right end, :which strikes againstfa lprojection s6, lFig. `4, from the upper side of VVthe `lever ad?,Fig. 4, `when vfulcrnm is at' f6, Fig. 4. 'llhe Vlever us, gFig. 4, isheld up :by a spring at- 2 tached to it, `and ,fthe ttramework.

rEhe .third operation ywhich `consists in .-re- :leasing the `hook from.Ithe knot, and .-allowing them and other'parts of the :machine-ry toreturn to their former positions .is described'as follows. The weaverpresses his ttoot on the ftreadls fue, Figs. 1, "2, 4, '5, raises thestop bar vj5, Figs. 4, `5, which act on the ends of the levers m3, o3,Fig. 5, 1resting upon it, pushes :them upward and the movable dent,`connected Vwith them. .But before the weaver presses his toot on l thetreadles we, Figs. V1, 2, 14, 45 .he crosses the threads of the warp tosecure the knot, and

and arranged horizontally over the ends of' the levers Q23, @3, 03, Fig.5.

The object of the bar y@ Figs. 4, 5 is to ini sure the downward motionof the lever @3,

Fig. 5 should any of them be obstructed by the hook connected with thembinding in the reed or warp.

As the weaver pushes down the treadle o6,

Figs. 1 2 4 5 vhe performs two other operations; the first brings downthe race piece 7c4 j Figs. 5 6 7 and raises the apparatus which guidesthe woof under the hook; the second releases the cams from the stop bar57, Figs.

1 2 3, turns them a little, to allow the arm es i Figs. 1, 3 to passdown to its lowest position on the cam.

The depressing of the race piece ist, Figs. 5, 6 7 and raising theapparatus which guides the woof under the hooks, may be described asfollows. The arm c7 Figs. 1, 5 moving with the shaft e5 Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5

presses on the spring f4, Fig. 5 and releasesV it from the pulley et,Figs. 2, 5. The spring c5, Fig. 6 being thus. relieved, acts on theshaft a4 Figs. 2, 5, 6, 7 and causes the apparatus which guides the woofunder the hooks y to Hy upward. At the same time the spring" f8 Fig. 1draws down the welt g8, Fig. 1 and thus turns back the shaft 7L* Figs.1, 5, 7 and cams 4 Figs. 2, 5, 7 and allows the race piece to fall byits own gravity.

The releasing of the cams from the bar 57 Figs. 1, 3 and turning them alittle, to allow the arm es Figs. 1, 2, 3 to pass down toits lowestposition on the cam, is thus described. l The wiper Z7 Fig. 2 turningwith the shaft c5, Fig. 6 acts onthe upright bar 67, Figs. 1,

2, 3 and pushes it off, and releases the stud: a7 Fig. 3 from theprojection on the bar 572 Figs. 1, 2, 3. The bar .67, Figs. 1, 2, 3 bymeans of a hook e7 Fig. 2 jointed to thetop l of the bar Z97,'whichlocks on a stud eXtending from the wiper e, Figs. 1, 3 turns thecams orwipers a little on their aXes, and allows the arm e8 Figs. 1, 2, 3 topass down to the small part of its cam, when the weaver= removeshis footfrom the treadle o Figs. 1,

2, 4, 5 to sink the hooks. As the weaver removes his foot from thetreadle a6, Figs. 1 2

4 5 two other operations are also performed. The first is to relieve theprojection s Fig.

4 of the lever u8 Fig. 4 from the stud r Fig. 4 to allow the revolutionof the cylinder a6, Figs. 3, 4, 7 when its motion is reversed. Thesecond is to form a connection between certain parts of the machinery,to communicate a reversed motion to the cylinders as, Figs. 3 4 9 Z277,Figs. 3, 5. The projection s of the lever u is thus released from thestud r, Fig. 4 as the shaft e5 Figs. 2, 4, 5, 9turns, the arm f7 Fig. 4presses downward the bent end of the lever u Fig. 4 and releases thestop r6 from the projection s6.

The mode of forming a connection between certain parts of the machinery,to communicate a reversed motion to the cylinders a Figs. 3, 4, 9, beFigs. 3 5 is thus dei scribed. On the shaft 6,5 Figs. 2 5 9 is fixed aprojecting arm g, Figs. 4 9 having in its end a tongue L7, Fig. 9 actedon by a spring 7, Fig. 9 in a similar manner to a blade and spring of apenknife, which spring, when the shaft turns, by the weavers foot beingpressed on the treadle, yields and allows thev ilipngue to pass underthe end of the lever 7c,

On the return movement of the shaft e5 Figs. 2, 4, 5, 9 as the weaverremoves his footfrom the treadle, the end of the tongue a7 Fig. 9strikes against the end of the lever k7 Fig. 9, pushes the reverse armin an opposite direction, and releases the lever Z7 Figs. 2, 9, whichlever is drawn sideways by the spring m7, Fig. 9 and brings the clutcha7 Figs. 9 in contact with the studs'extending from the cogged wheel 07,Fig. 9 thus attaching the shaft'm5 Figs. l, 3, 4, 9 to the cogged wheel07 Fig. 9, which otherwise revolves on the shaft. i

The lever Z7 Figs.`2 9 turns on a fulcrum attached to the post a Figs. 29, and has a projection in its center, playing in a groove in the clutcha7 Fig. 9.

7 Fig. 1, is a cogged wheel attached to the pulley Z5 Figs. 1, 3, 4 andtakes into another cogged wheel Q7 Figs. 3, 4, attached to the end ofthe shaft t7 Figs. 3 4 9. Attached to the opposite end of the shaft 7'7Figs. 3 4, 9, Fig. 9 is another cogged wheel 87 Fig. 9 which takes intoa small cogged pinion t7 Fig. 9, which pinion takes into the coggedwheel o7 Fig. 9, and turns it in a direction opposite to the motion ofthe cogged wheel 707 Fig. 1. This plan is adaptedto produce a reversemotion, in preference to using bevel gears, in order to reduce thevelocity of the reversed motion.

From the above it will be seen, when the. gear 07 Fig. 9 is connectedwith the shaft m5 Figs. 1, 3, 4, 9 by the clutch a7 Fig. 9, a reversedmotion is communicated to the cylinders. The peculiar object of turningback the cylinders is to reverse the position of the dogs against theclick, playing in slots in I lplates between the cylinders, inv y.

may perform an entire revolution, before it. communicates motion to thesecond, and that the second may also complete a revolution, before itmoves the third and so on, through any niunber of cylinders, employed.Therefore, it is evident that the last of the series of cylinders doesnot require to be turned back.

The next portion of machinery to be described is that which withdrawsthe clutch a7, Fig. 9 from the cogged wheel 0.1, Fig. 9 and destroys theconnection between the shaft 'm5 Figs. 1, 3, 4, 9 and the coggedwheel 07Fig. 9. a7 Fig. 5 is a cam attached to the shaft of the cylinder neXtthe last of the series of cylinderc7 Fig. 5 is a pitman sliding in abearing @07, Fig. 5-One end of this pitman is presented to the cam'u7Fig. 5 the reverse end being connected with two toggles m7 Figs. 3, 5jz/7 Fig. 3. The end of the toggle m7, 3 is jointed to a .stand attached to the framework. The end of thel toggle g/7 Fig. 3, is jointedto the end of a long rod .e7 Fig. 3 sliding in stand as, bs Fig. 3. Theopposite end of the rod a7 Fig. 3 is connected by a joint to the leverZ7, Fig. 9. Just as the cylinder, with which the cam @1.7 Fig. 5 isconnected completes its revolution, the cam a7 Fig. 5 pushes out thepitman, thus straightens the toggle, and slides the rod e7 Fig. 3lengthways. The rod 27 Fig. 3 moves the lever Z7 Figs. 4 9 whichwithdraws the clutch a7 Fig. 9 from the stud oiI the cogged wheel 07 Fig. 9. vWhen the lever Z7 Fig. 9 is moved sidewise, as above described,the spring o8 Fig. 9 draws the lever 707 Fig. 9 inward, and thus bringsthe end ofi it to abut against the extremity'of the lever I Z7 Fig. 9and prevents the return of the clutch a7 Fig. 9 against the stud of thecogged wheel o7, Fig. 9.

The mode of operating the loom is as fol# lows: The weaver mounts theplatform in the middle of the loom and grasps the top shell of the layat the handle 01 Figs. 1, 2, 3 4 with his left hand, and the handle f Fig.` 13 with his right hand. When thus sta-` tioned, he opens the warpto receive the shuttle by the action of his feet uponV the` treadle Z, ZFigs. 1, 2, 4 throws the shuttle with his right hand, and moves the lay,and shifts the shuttle with his left hand, in a i manner similar tocommon weaving. VVhenf he has inserted the number of threads ofl woof tobe introduced between them to bei raised; he lodges the shuttlecontaining thei coarse woof in the shuttle box at the rightl hand of thelay, or in other words, at the. end of the lay opposite to that at whichthe hook, or movable dent, begins to act on the filling, and continuesto press on the harness treadle with his foot, to secure a large openingbetween the threads of the' Warp When the first division of the loom isin this stage of its operation the weaver grasps the ball 7L Figs. 1, 4with his right hand, and forms a connection between the driving pulleyand the machinery-Which regulates, the variation in the pattern orfigure, adjusts the springs and stop bar, raises the hooks, and preparesthe woof to be acted on by them. Just as this operation is completed, hemoves forward the lay, until it strikes against the projections b5 b5Fig. 6 to bring the hook over the woof; he then grasps the ball p5 Figs.1, 3 and communicates motion tothe cylinder, which sinks the hooks.Immediately after this operation is completed, he crosses the Vwarp withhis left foot to` secure the knot, and with his right foot presses onthe treadle 'v6 Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, to raise the hooks from them. After hemoves back the lay, to carry the hook away from the knot, he removes hisfoot from the treadle 01, Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5 and allows them to return totheir former' position. Then he proceeds to operate the first part ofthe loom as before.

Having described my improvements in machinery to weave knottedcounterpanes and such other gured` fabrics, where `the woof is raised,as may be woven by the said machinery, and shown by the accompanyingdrawings and foregoing description the best mode of constructing andadapting the same with which I am acquainted, I desire to be understoodthat I do not intend to confine myself to that particular form,material, and arrangement of the part shown in the drawing by which Ieiect my improvement invweaving, as different from and arrangement ofmechanism may be found capable of effecting the'same object; andalthough I l have herein above described many parts of machinery incommon use, as applied in connection with my improvement and inventionfor raising the knot, or figure from the surface of the cloth, yet Ionly claim the combination of such part with, and their application to,my improvements.

Separately and singly I claim as my invention and improvement asfollows.

1. Raising the knots which compose the figure from the surface of thecloth, by a series of movable dents or teeth or hooks.

2. Supporting the woof during the operation of the movable dents orteeth or hooks, and thereby regulating Vthe length of the knots'by abar, beam or race piece, as herein above described.

3. Separating or dividing asunder the thread, of the warp by means ofbeveled pieces of metal on the sides of the movable dents or hooks orteeth, to prevent them from catching into andfbreaking the thread.

4. A toothed cylinder or cylinders acting on machinery interveningbetween them and the' den@ 0r, teeth .Or hQOks and Operaties the dentsor teeth or hooks, successively, to speciication of my said inventionand imraise the knots which compose the gure. provement, I have heretoset my hand this 5. The application of a prism and pattern seventeenthday of June A. D. 1836. card, to regulate the operation of the hooksERASTUS B. BIGELOW. v 5 or teeth or dents to produce the variationsWitnesses:

R. H. EDDY, EBENEzE-R RHOADES.

in the pattern or figure.

In testimony that the above is a true

